A work in progress
«I pre-suppose, of course, a reader who is willing to learn something new and therefore to think for himself. […] Every opinion based on scientific criticism I welcome» (Karl Marx, Preface to the First German Edition of Capital)
Taking up a longstanding concern of Marx’s that he was unable to fulfill, the following presents a work treating the past 250 years of Capitalism at the hand of examined statistic sources on its economic dynamic, in order to draw out its perspectives.
The original version of this article is published at the ‘Capitalisme & Crises Économiques’ website (in French language). The translated parts that become progressively available on this blog, can be found in the following table.
A Free Retriever’s Digest, July, 2019
Note: In accordance with the author, the title has been changed to refer to the past 250 years of capitalism as “industrial” or “modern” capitalism. (October 15, 2019)
Last updated: November 2020 (added Chapter 3)
Contents
Introduction
1. A rapid overview of 250 years of modern Capitalism
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From the Industrial Revolution to the End of the twofold Bipolarization of the World
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The four times of the power relations between the classes
2. The Class Struggle from 1760 to the Russian Revolution
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Working more to earn less
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Profit share and profit rate
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Big sacrifices for meager results
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Overwhelming testimonies
3. An economically polarized World
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Industrialized countries and ‘Third World’ countries
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Cause and consequences of this bi-polarization
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The emblematic case of India
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‘Third World’, the Interbellum and the ‘Thirty glorious Years’
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The break-up of the ‘Third World’
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Discussion: Can we really speak of a disappearance of the ‘Third World’?
Annex on the data and on methodology
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Main economic variables (1760 – 2018)
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Sources and Presentation of the Data
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Data sources for our graphs
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Presentation of the data
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Notes on the choice of the series on the evolution of real wages
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The calculation of the rate of surplus value in Great Britain
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Complementary graphs: Gini Indexes for the USA, Japan and Spain
Indexes
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List of graphs, tables and maps
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Bibliography